Dark matter And dark energy

DARK MATTER AND DARK ENERGY

1. The concept of dark matter arises due to some of the unanswered problems of the working of the universe and its unnatural phenomenons .
2. First of all the light moving through the empty spaces usually bends .. light has the property to bend when ever passing through the medium .. this proves the existence of invisible non reacting matter .. A
3.Also this matter adds mass to the existing universe as the speed of the ordinary matter revolving around the galactic center must be different according to the existing physics but in reality the velocity of matter around the galactic center is same this prove the existence of large amount of matter around the galactic boundaries ..
4.next according to universal law of gravitation the universe must be contracting but when we observe the wavelength of the light using the concept of Doppler effect there must be a blue shift but in reality there is red shift which simply means the galaxies are moving apart but how this extraordinary repulsion of matter is possible there must be some sort of the energy responsible for this .. which is referred as dark energy.
5.Matter,as we know it Atoms,stars and galaxies ,planets and trees ,rocks and us.This matter accounts for less than 5% of known universe about 25% is dark matter and 70% is dark energy both of which are invisible .This is kind of strange because it suggests that everything we experience is really only a tiny fraction of reality ,We really have no clue what dark matter and energy are,or how they work.We are pretty sure they exists though So,what do we know ?
6. Dark matter is the stuff that makes it possible for galaxies to exist,when we calculated why the universe is structured the way it is,it quickly became clear that there's just not enough normal matter.
The gravity of the visible matter is not strong enough to form galaxies and complex structures.The stars would more likely be scattered all over the place and not form galaxies So,we know there is something else inside and around them ,Something that doesn't emit or reflect light ,something dark but besides being able to calculate the existence of dark matter we can see it kind of ,places with high concentration of dark matter bend light passing near by.So we know there's something there that interacts with gravity.Right now,we have more ideas about what dark energy is not,than what it is!
We know dark matter is not just clouds of normal matter without stars because it would emit particles we could detect.
7.Dark matter is not anti-matter,because anti-matter produces unique gamma rays when it reacts with normal matter.Dark matter is also not made up of Black holes,very compact objects that violently affect their  surroundings,while dark matter seems to be scattered all over the place.Basically, we only know three things for sure.
   ->Something is out there.
   ->It interacts with gravity.
   ->There is a lot of it.
8.Dark matter is made up of a complicated exotic particle that doesn't interacts with light  and matter in a way we expect,but right now ,we just don't know Dark energy is more strange and mysterious.
   ->We can't detect it,we can't measure it and we can't taste it.
But we do see it affects very clearly.
9. In 1929,Edward Hubble examined how the wavelength of light emitted by distant galaxies ,shifts towards the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum as it travels through space .He found that fainter,more distant galaxies showed a large degree of red shifts,closer galaxies not so much.

10.Hubble determined that this was because the universe itself is expanding ,The red shift occurs,because the wavelengths of light are stretched as the universe expands .More recent discoveries have shown that,the expansion of the universe is accelerating .Before that, it is  thought that the pull of gravity would cause the expansion to either slow down or even retract and collapse in on itself at some point. Space doesn't change its properties as it expands; there's just more of it. New space is constantly created everywhere , galaxies are tight  bound clusters of stuff held together by gravity so we don't experience in our daily lives. But we see it everywhere around us ,Wherever there is empty space in the universe , more is forming every second . So , dark energy seems to be some kind of energy intrinsic to empty space . Energy that is  stronger than anything else we know and it keeps getting stronger as time passes by.

11.Empty space has more energy than everything else in the universe combined. We have multiple ideas about what dark energy might be. One idea is,the dark energy is not a thing ,but just a property of space.Empty space is not nothing , it has its own energy . It can generate more space and is quite active. So, as the universe expands ,it could we just more and more space appears to fill the gaps and this leads to a faster expanding universe. This idea is close to an idea that Einstein had back in 1917, of the concept of a cosmological constant a force that counteracted the force of gravity. The only problem is,that when we calculated the amount of this energy the result was so wrong and wired that it only added to the confusion . Another idea is that empty space is actually full of temporary virtual particles that spontaneously and continually form from nothing and then disappear  into nothing again.The energy from those particles could be dark energy. Or maybe dark energy is an unknown kind of dynamic energy fluid or field which permeates the entire universe ,but somehow has the opposite effect on the universe than normal energy and matter but if it exists,we don't know how and where or how we could detect it.So there are still a lot of questions to answers Our theories about dark matter and dark energy are  still just that;
12.On one hand ,this is kind of frustrating ,on the other hand this is frontier science making it very exiting .It shows us that no matter how much we feel we're on top of things,we are still very much apes with smartphones ,on a tiny fragile  island on space looking into the sky wondering how our universe works .There is so much left to learn ,and that is awesome.
Do feel free to ask questions i will try to post the solution of all your queries.  
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